Means and method fob accounting



c. H; TALL'MADGE.

MEANS AND METHOD FOR ACCOUNTiNG. APPLICATION FILED MAIL]. 1911.

1,319,914 Patented 001. 28, 1919.

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MEANS AND METHOD FOR ACCOUNTING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR-M1917 Patented Oct. 28,

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APPLICATION FILED MAR- I. I917- 1,319,914=. Patented Oct. 28,1919.

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MEANS AND METHOD FOR ACCOUNTING.

APPLICATION FILED: MAR. l. 1917'.

1 ,3 19 ,9 1 4 Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

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CHARLES H. TALLM ADGE, BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

MEANS AND METHOD FOR. ACCOUNTING.

Application filed March 1,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. Tera.- MADGE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, res1ding at Buffalo, in the county of Er1e and State of NewYork, have invented a certam new and useful Improvement in Means andMethods'for Accounting, of which the following is a full, clear,concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to the art of accounting and more specifically isconcerned with a novel method and apparatus for effecting algebraicsummation,

Heretofore algebraic summation has been mechanically accomplished in twopr1no1pal' ways. One of the prior art methods contemplates the use'of a'so-called algebraic. totalizer adapted to indicate the true algebraicsum of a plurality of positive and negative num bers entered thereon.Registers of this class comprise essentially a plurality of numeralwheels adapted for rotation in either direction, each numeral wheel having two series of figures thereon, o 11e for positiveand the other fornegative mdlcations, carryingmechanlsm between the several numeralwheels, some means for imparting a one-step movement to the figure Wheelof lowest order when the resultant passes through zero, and a shutterfor revealing one set of figures when the sign of the resultant is plusand the other set of figures when the sign of the resultant 1s minus. y

In accordance with another and perhaps Cruder method of algebraicsummation a one-Way register of ordinary construction is employed.According to th1s second method positive numbers are naturally. enteredupon the'register, but in the case of negative numbers the complementalor codigital equivalent thereof is entered upon the register, the arrayof nines revealed by the figure wheels of the higherorders beingdepended upon suggestively indicate that the sign of the resultant isminus, when such is the case, and that the true resultant 18 not the oneindicated but is in fact the complement of the indicated resultant. Inmost cases the array of nines revealed by the numeral wheels of thehigherorders 1s amply sufficient to notify the operator of the65-negative nature of the resultant, since the Specification of LettersPatent.

' mental translation or correction.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

1917. Serial No. 151,626.

register is ordinarily of great capacity as compared with the magnitudeof the. numbers involved in the problems performed thereon. Thus, in acash showlng a reading of 9999999085 would invariably be interpreted asan overdraft of $9.15 rather than a real balance of $9,999,990.85.

I have found that very frequently the positive or negative natureof theindicated resultant is either not in question or is so readilydeterminable that it is not necessary to employ an algebraic registeror, in other Words, a register which always indicates the correctalgebraic resultant whether that resultant be positive or negative.However, in the past when simple one-way registers have been employed,as heretofore explained, the entry'of a negative number is accomplishedonly 'by striking the keys in an abnormal manner in orderto enter thecomplement of the negative number. While this has sometimes beengoverned whollyjby mental translation, it has been a common practice tohave the keys provided with co-digi-' tal red figures in addition to theordinary and natural black figures. So far as I am aware, however, themethod just described has been confined to ordinary adding machine work,except in the single instance where it is applied to card tabulatingwork. In card tabulating work the complemental or co-digital figures ofthe number to be su'btracted are punched on the tabulating card with theresult that the card is wholly inaccurate on its face and necessitatesretranslation when it is considered in any other aspect than that ofalgebraic su-mma- I tion.

There may be other methods of algebraic.

entered, or set up naturally and Without My method is particularlyadapted for card tabulating work and I shall therefore describe thedetails of my method in that connection. In carrying on this class ofwork I prepare cards based on the well known Hollerith or Powers planwith slight but extremely significant modifications, particularly in thecase of negative amounts. The cards which I. employ are particularlynovel in that they are punched so that each card presents two opposingor complemental aspects. By placing the cards in a tabulating machinenaturally and in the ord1- nary manner one aspect of the card isreflected in the resulting actuation of the tabulating machinetotalizer, and by reversely placing the card in the tabulating machinethe totalizer is actuated in accordance with the other aspect of thecard. My invention, however, is not confined to the use of cards butissufficiently broad to include other ways .of securing algebraic resultsby making a set-up which has two aspects and utilizing the set-up in itsnormal aspect for natural accumulation and in its reversed aspect forcomplemental accumulation,

In addition to the improvements hereinbefore mentioned my inventioncontemplates other improvements, some of which are particularlyadaptable for card tabulating work, while the others have a much widerapplication.

The various novel features of my new art and the apparatus I prefer toemploy are fully set forth in the description to follow, whereinreference is made to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is afront view ()f one of the cards now usually employed in connection withthe well known Hollerith tabulating mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view of the card shown in Fig. 1 having acertain number punched thereon;

Fig. 3 is a view. showing the card of Fig. 2 reversed and placed upon acard similar to that shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 3 showing the upper card dropped tworanks of fig.- ures with respect to the lower card;

Fig; 5 is a fragmentary view of a card wherein the figure field isdisposed in the upper five-sixths of the card face;

' Fig, 6 shows the same card reversed and placed upon a card similar tothat shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view of a card having equal margins above andbelow the figure field, or, in other words, a card in which the figurefield is centrally located with respect to the card face;

Fig. 8 shows the same card reversed and placed upon a second equalmargined card;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view of an equal margined card which is punchedone unit short to effect the proper operation of the tabulatingmechanism when the card is to be used for negative computation;

Fig. 10 is a View showing the same card reversed and placed upon asecond equal margined card;

Fig. 11 is a view of an equal margined card which is arranged to receivetwo sets of punching, one in a main column and one in a supplementalcolumn;

Fig. 12 is a view showing the card of Fig. 11 reversed and placed uponan equal margined card;

-Fig. 13 is a view of an equal n'iargined card containing a dualpunching in the units column;

Fig. 14 is a view showing the card of Fig. 13 reversed and placed upon asecond equal margined card;

Fig. 15 is a view of an equal margined card containing two dualpunchings, one in the units column and one in the tens column;

Fig. 16 is a view showing the card of Fig. 15 reversed and placed uponan equal margined card;

. Fig. 17 is a view of a card dually punched in three orders, reversedand placed upon a second equal margined card;

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary view of an equal margined card showing a dualpunching in the units column;

Fig. 19 is a view showing the card of Fig. 18 reversed and placed upon asecond equal margined card;

Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic representation of a contact box such as isemployed in connection with the Hollerith tabulating mechanism, theunits bank of contacts being shifted or raised one step to effect properoperation of the totalizing mechanism when negative amounts are added tothe totalizer;

Fig. 21 isa fragmentary front elevational yiew of an equal margined cardto be used In connection with the device illustrated in 'Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a view showing the card of Fig. 21 reversed and placed uponthe contact mechanism illustrated in Fig. 20;

Fig. 23 is a diagrammatic representation of a circuit to be used inconnection with a jack box or contact box as used on the H01- lerithmachine for changing the connections extending between the contacts andthe mechanism for operating the totalizing mechanism which in theHollerith structure consists of electro mechanical registering devices;

Fig. 24: is a' fragmentary view of a tabulating machine for receivingthe equal margined cards illustrated in Figs. 7 to 22 inclusive;

Fig. 25 is a fragmentary side elevational viewof a punching apparatusarranged to punch dually any (olumn or columns of a card, some of theparts being shown in section to more clearly illustrate theconstructlon;

Fig. 26 is a vertical cross sectional view taken along the line 2626 ofFig. 25 looking in the direction indicated by the arrow; Fig. 27 is aview similar to Fig. 24 of a tabulating device arranged to receive thecard shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive;

Fig. 28 is a diagrammatic view of a tabulating ack box and itscoiiperating pin box showing the same as electrically connected with theregistering devices;

Fig. 29 is a fragmentary front view of an adding machine provided with aspecial key for transmitting to the units column of the totalizer a tenstep movement or to the tens columns a one step movement when thecomplement of a number containing a zero in the units column is to beadded to the number registered in the totalizer;

'rFig. 30,.is a fragmentary cross sectional View taken along the line 30-30 of Fig. 29 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows; and

Fig. 31 is a plan View of an addin ma-- chine which contains only oneset 0 keys (0 to 9 inclusive) provided with a special key for impartingto the units wheel of the totalizer a ten step movement or to the tenswheel a one step movement when this is desired.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

Referringfirst to Fig. 1,33 illustrates a card which is similar inallrespects to the card now used in connection with the Ho]- lerithtabulating device. The lower fivesixths of the card face contains aplurality of columns of numerals from zero to 9 inclusive, and the cardin use can be divided into several fields or sets of columns, each fieldrepresenting a certain commodity, a certain grade 01- a particularcommodity, etc.. depending upon the use to whlch the card tabulatingsystem is put.

In Fig. 2 I have illustrated the card of Fig. 1 punched torepresent thenumber 01234567. When this card is inserted into the tabulatingmechanism of the system certain contacts representing the number01234567 are closed with the result that the totalizer or cyclometer isactuated in a forward direction to add the number represented by thecard. In Fig. 27 I have illustrated a portion of such a tabulator. Thetabulator, in so far as adding the number represented by the card shownin Fig. 2 is concerned, forms no part of my invention and it will.therefore, be unnecessary for me to go into the mechanical details ofthe machine. It will sufiice to point out generally the operation of thetabulator. In Fig. 27, 34 represents the framework upon which is mounteda platform-35 arranged to support a plurality of cards 36 which aresimilar to the card shown in Fig. 1. The rear. side of the stack 36 issupported by means of a plate 37 which is spring pressed so' that itnorm-ally tends to move to the right (Fig. 27 The support 34 carries areciprocating member 3-8 provided with a finger 39 arranged to engagethe front card of the stack 'ing a plurality of spring jacks 43, one foreach of the numbers-provided on the card shown in Fig. 1. Mounted on theside of the card 41 opposite the jack box isa pin box 44 containing aplurality of pins 45, one for each of the spring jacks 43. If desired anapertured plate 46 may be carried by the pin blOX, the outer end of eachof the pins 45 projecting into one of the apertures contained bythe'plate 46. After the card has been delivered to the positionindicated at 41 the pin box 44 is moved longitudinally toward the jackbox 42 until the plate 46 presses the card 41 against the face of thejack box and the pins 45 either rest against The electro-mechanicalregistering devices for advancing the totalizer are illustrateddiagrammatically at 47, each registering device being arranged toadvance one of the totalizer order wheels to enter a certain digitthereonx To prevent operation of the electro-mechanical devices when nocard is inserted between the pin box and the jack box a switch may beemployed, as shown at 48. This switch consists of a spring 49 connectedat 50 to the pin box and insulated therefrom. The free end of the spring49 carries a contactarranged to engage a plunger contact 51 normallyheld away from the spring 49 by means of a helical izer when the pinsand jacks are connected. v

spring 52. The inner end of the plunger 51 extends toward the jack boxand isarranged either to engage a card 41 or to pass through an aperture53 provided in the jack box. If upon movement of the pin box toward thejack box a card is in position between the same the plunger 51 willengage the card and move to the left relatively to the pin box to closeon electric circuit between the pins 45 and the spring 49, the pins 45being grounded, together with the plunger 51, to the box 44. If'no card41 is in position when the box 44 is moved toward the box 42 the innerend of the plunger 51 will be permitted to pass through the aperture 53of the box 42 so that the contacts 49 and 51 are unaffected. The contact49 connects with one side of a battery 54 while the other side of thebattery is connected by means of a conductor 55 with one side of each ofthe electro-mechanical registering devices 47.

Since the spring jacks of the contact box 42 are similar in all respectsto the card shown in Fig. 1, so far as the numerals contained thereonare concerned, Ishall in the further explanation of my invention placeone card above another so that the resulting operation of the machinewhen the top card is inserted in a tabulator will be apparent. If,therefore, I take the card shown in Fig. 2' and place it directly on topof the card shown in Fig. 1 the number 01234567 will be revealed.Therefore, the card shown in Fig.

2 may be used to add the particular number punched to the cyclometer ofthe tabulator. One particular feature ofmy invention, however, has to dowith using the card shown in Fig. 2 either to add the particular amountpunched or to subtract the amount punched from the amount registerediinthe totalizer. It now I take the card shown in Fig. 2 and reversedlyplace it upon the card shown in Fig. 1, I have the number 7 6543210,which is neither the complement nor the codigital of-the number01234567. Now by dropping the upper card two ranks, as shown in Fig. 4,the number 98765432 (the codigital of 01234567) will be revealed. Thusby changing the tabulating mechanism so that the cards are held' tworanks lower for negative amounts than they are for positive amountsnumbers punched on a card reversely placed in the tabulator may besubtracted from the amount in the totalizer (by co-digital addition) andthe indicated resultant will be correct with the exception that it islacking one unit for each of the negative cards so tabulatedl In Fig. 27I have shown a tabulator which is arranged to receive the cards showninFigs. 2 to 4 so that a number may be added either naturally orco-digitally. When the number represented by the card 2 is to be addednaturally the support 56 is employed. VVhen the number represented bythe card 2 is to be entered reversedly (in accordance with itsco-digital equivalent) the stop or support 57 is employed. The members56 and 57 are preferably connected together so that when one is movedout of the way the other will simultaneously move into place.

card reversed and resting against the stop 57 and thereby adapted forco-digital accumulation. Thus I am enabled to use a single card of theordinary or commercial type, and by a few changes in the ordinaryHollerith tabulating machine obtain either a natural tabulation of theamount punched in the card or a co-digital computation by merelyreversing the card and dropping it two ranks.

Fig. 5 shows a card in which the figure field is disposed on the upperfive-sixths of the card face. The card shown in this figuse is to beused for negative amounts only. If the card is punched to represent, forinstance, the amount 257 and then reversed and placed upon the card 33the number 742 will be revealed. Correspondingly, 7 42, the co-digitalof the number 257, is entered in the totalizer when a card, conformedand punched as shown in Fig. 5, is reversedly placed in the tabulator.Such negative cards will, however, have to be counted and the numberthereof added to the register indication since the co-digital of thenumber punched on each of the cards is one unit short of the complement.

Thus I may obtain a co-digital readin of a punched negative card in twoways, rst, by reversing the card and then adjusting it to bring thefigure field into proper reading and tabulating position, and, second,by initially adjusting the figure field of the card before punching andthen merely reversing the card after punching.

Fig. 7 shows a form of card in which the figure field is disposedcentrally on the card to form What I shall refer to as an equal marginedcard. If on this card I punch the number 257 and reverse it upon asecond equalmargined card I obtain the co-digital 7 42. In this case theco-digital is obtained without shiftin the cards one with respect to theother. t will also be observed that the card shown in Fig. 7 may be usedeither to add naturally or to add co-digitally, depending upon whichside of the card is presented to the jack box of the tabulator. In Fig.24 I have illustrated a tabulator arranged to receive the equalmargined, cards just described. The tabulator shown in this figure issubstantially identical with that shown. in Fig. 27 with the exceptionthat only one stop 59 -is employed for holding the cards inproper-position with respect to the jack'box. After the tabulator hasmade a record of the punchings of a card the stop 59 is moved from underthe card to permit the latter to 'be'delivered from the machine. Thislast mentioned mechanism forms no partof the present invention and isemployed in connection with the commercial Hollerith tabulator,

In employing all of the cards thus far de- The dotted lines 58 in Fig.27 represent a scribed only the'co-digital of the number to besubtracted is added to the totalizer so that the resultant is one unitshort for each of the negative cards passed through the tabulator. Toovercome this objection and to obtain a correct reading of all of thecards, whether positive or negative, I have devised several means, oneof which is illustrated in Figs. '9 and 10. In Fig. 9 an equal marginedcard is used and the top of the card printed or marked in some way so asto convey the idea that any number punched on the card is one unitshort. For example, the card may contain the Words Negative card.Punched one unit short. shown in Fig. 9 is to be punched to representthe number 257 it is punched256, as shown, so that when it is reversedand .placed upon a second equal margined card, as shown in Fig. 10, thecomplement 743 will be revealed. The card shown in Fig. 9 may,therefore, be used as a negative card and a correct reading will resultin the totalizer. The card cannot.' however, be used as a positive cardsince the number punched on the face of the card is one unit short ofthe number 257.

In Fig. 11 I have shown another form of equal margined card which isprovided with two columns, 2'. 6., a right hand or a main column and aleft hand or supplemental column. When employing-this form of card I usea tabulator having two cyclometers; one for the main column and one forthe supplemental column. In punching the number ()257 in the main columna second punching is made in the supplemental column, the secondpunching forming, in effect, a corrective punching to add one unit inthe cyclometer of the supplemental column each time the card is passedthrough the tabulator as a negative card. The top of the supplementalcolumn is punched, as shown at 60, (the high X of the old tabulator,art) so that when the card is inserted into the tabulator for positiveaccumulation certain contacts will extend through the aperture 60whereby the punching 9998 at the bottom of that column will be ignored.When the card is used 7 as a negative card and 1s reversed, as shown inFig. 12, the co-digital 9742 of the number 025.7 will be registered inthe main column and the co-digital of the number 9998 of thesupplemental column will be added'in the register or cyclometer assignedto the supplemental column. The aperture 60 when the card is reversedlies in a position below the 9 rank of contacts and since the tabulatoris not provided with contacts at this position this aperture will simplybe ignored. Each time that a negative card is passed through thetabulator a unit will be added to the cyclometer controlled by thesupplemental column so that after a plurality of both positive and Ifnow, the card -used for positive amounts. In such cases the positivecards will not be punched 9998 in the supplemental column, but will bepunched as shown at 60 so that this column is skipped by the tabulator.The negative cards will contain the co-digital punchings of thecorrective unit 1 in the supplemental column, but will not contain thepunching 60. so that when the card is reversed the corrective unit 1will be entered in the supplemental cyclometer. 1

Fig. 13 illustrates an equal margined card which is punched dually inthe units column. If the card shown in Fig. 13 is punched to representthe number 257 a second punching is made at 6 in the units column sothat the card will represent in eii'ect the two numbers 256 and 257. Asis well known, the Hollerith tabulator is arranged so that it willrecognize only the lower one of several punchings in a given column. Asa result, if the card shown in Fig. 13 be passed through the Hollerithtabulator-in the natural way the number 257 will be added to tered uponthe tabulator register, when the card is placed reversedly in thetabulator;

this for the reason that the Hollerith machine recognizes only thelowermost punching in any order.-

The ordinary tabulator is of course not arranged to effect more thannine steps digiv tation in the units order of the register so that whena card is dually punched for 0 in the units column, as shown in Fig. 15,the extra punching will lie above the 0 rank (as at 6), and when thecard is reversed the extra punching will lie in a position which I shallrefer to hereinafter as Z?. In Fig. 15

the card is unched to represent the number 40 and since dual punchingfor the O in the units column affords an extra punching which when'thecard is reversed lies at Z below the 9 rank it is necessary to punchdually the tens column, or, in other words, to punch the 3 directly overthe 4 in the tens column. If now the card is reversed, as shown in Fig.16, andplaced in a tabulator, the 6 and Z holes control the registersince the tabulator recognizes only the lowest punching. In using thisform of card and this method of punching I intend to make a slightchange in'the tabulator so that when it recognizes the Z punching in oneof the columns it will simply ignore that Y the number punched containsmore than two zeros, as in Fig. 17, which represents a card punched 400,the first two columns will be dually punched, as will also the third, sothat the tabula-tor will recognize two Z punchings and ignore the twocolumns corresponding with the Z punchings. In the third column thedigit 6 (the complement of 4:) will be recognized by the tabulator.

The system last described necessitates the employment of dual punchingsin'more than one column. To avoid this dual punching in more than onecolumn I may employ the system illustrated in Figs. 18 and 19 in whichonly one dual punching is necessary and this only in the units column.In Fig. 18 an equal margined card is punched to represent the number71420, the units column being dually punched, one punching being onenumber short of the number represented by the card. When the card is reversed upon a second equal margined card, as shown in Fig. 19, thecontacts which I shall refer to hereafter as the X contacts are allowedto pass throu h the lower one of the punches in the units column. Thetabulator will be arranged with the usual ten spring jacks and contactpins with the exception that in the units column an additional springjack and cooperating pin will be provided to extend through the punchiiwshown at X in Fig. 19. This spring j-acli and contact pin are connectedwith theelectic-mechanical registering device which when actuated eitheradds 10 to the units wheel of there ister or adds 1 to the tens wheel ofthe register. This electro-mechanical registering device is similar inall respects to the devices now employed, except that it advances theregister ten steps 1n the units column or one step in the tens column.In employing this arrangement the number represented by the card shownin Fig. 18 is added naturally to the register when the card is presentedin the usual way to the tabulator. When the card is reversed andinserted in the tabulatorthe complement of the number 71420, which is28580, is add ed to the register so that in so far as theindicatedresultant is concerned the original number has been subtracted from theregister and the answer which results from such actuation of theregister is correct in all respects.

Figs. 20 to 22 illustrate a system in which a special tabulator is usedfor negative cards. Fig. 20 illustrates diagrammatioally a portion ofthe spring jack box of the tabulator. Attention is called to the factthat the units column of contacts is shifted upwardly one rank so thatthe contact assigned to the digit 1, of units order lies opposite thecontact assigned to zero in tens order, units 2 opposite tens 1, etc.,the contact assigned to digit 9 in tens order lying opposite the contactX, in units order which represents ten units.

Fig. 21 illustrates a card punched to represent the num'ber 960. henthis card is reversed and placed upon the contacts of Fig. 20, as shownin Fig.22, the holes in the card will be presented to the contacts 03Xof the tabulator. Thus by shifting the units order of tabulator contactsthe corrective unit is added without the necessity of dually punchingthe card or of later adding a corrective punching, as is necessary inthe system described in connection with Figs. 11 and 12. Theconstruction just referred to necessitates the use of two tabulators,one for positive amounts, and the other for negative amounts, althoughone card may be used for either positive or negative amounts.

To avoid the necessity of providing two such tabulators the systemdisclosed dia grammatically in Fig. 23 may be employed. In this figureeach of the several conductors, numbered 0 to 9 inclusive, extends froma switch 65 to its corresponding spring jack in the units column. Theseveral switches 65'65 are pivoted, as shown, at 66 to a longitudinallymovable rod 67 pivoted to a lever 68 in turn mounted upon the pivotpoint 69 for oscillation. When the lever 68 is in the position shown infull lines the several switches will be held in the position shown sothatthe 0 spring jack is electri' cally connected with the 0electro-mechanical registering device, the 1 spring jack electricallyconnected with the 1 electro-mechanical registering device, etc. When.however, the lever 68 is moved from its full line position to theposition shown in dotted lines all of the several switches 65 will bemoved 'about their pivots to the positions indicated by the dotted linesso that the 0 spring jack of the units column is electrically connectedwith the 1 electro-mechanical registering device, the 1 spring ackelectrically connected with the 2 eiectro-mechanical registering dcvice, and so on, so that when the lever 68 is moved to the negativeposition the jacks of the units column on the tabulator will add 1 morein the register than they do when the lever 68 is set for positivecards. \Vhen the lever 68 is set for negative accumulation the lowerswitch blade 65 0f the 9 spring jack wheel or 1 in the tens wheel of thetotalizer.

By .the employment of the construction shown in Fig. 23 it is necessaryto employ only one tabulator and the cards may be punched in their usualway, that is, without any corrective punching and without any dualpunchings. The card is moreover correct on its face and may be readdirectly without mental correction.

In Figs. 25 and 26 I have illustrated a machine for efiecting the.-.dual punching required in connection with the cards shown in Figs. 13to .19 inclusive. The construction shown in Figs. 25 and 26 is somewhatsimilar to the Hollerith punching device in that a single set of keys, 0to 9 inclusive, is employed for punching the card. The card is arrangedto travel longitudinally under the punching mechanism so that but onevertical column of figures on the card is presented to the punchingmechanism at any one time. After a punching operation has taken placethe card is automatically moved one step so as to enable the nextvertical row to be punched. dual punching mechanism of my invention maybe applied to different types of punching machines, such, for example,as a machine which contains several sets of keys, I have, for the sakeof illustration, applied it to the Hollerith ten key machine.

In Fig. 25, 82 illustrates the casing of the punching machine and 83.83a plurality of levers each pivoted at 84 to the support 82. Each of thelevers 83has mounted at its free end a key 85 arranged so that whenpressed downwardly its associated lever 83 will be rotated in aclockwise direction (Fig. 25). Extending transverselyof the levers 83and under the same is a block 86 containing a plurality of-bores-87 ineach of which is reciprocably mounted a plunger .or punch member 88.Normally to hold these puncli' members 88'in the positionillustrated inFig 26 a helical compression spring 89 is employed for each of themembers, the tendency of the springs being to move the members 88upwardly. The unlerside of each one of the levers 83 carries anextension 90 arranged to coiiperate or rest against the upper'face ofone of the punch members, 88. The card to be punched, shown. at 91, isdisposed directlyv under the plungers 88 so that upon downward movementof the plungers, or any one of them, a punching will be made on thecard, the downward movement of the plungers 89 being effected bypressing the desired keys 85. After each punching operation suitableAlthough the mechanism is employed for moving the card 91 to the left(Fig. 25), so that the next vertical rank of figures is presented to theplungers. This mechanism for moving the card longitudinally. forms nopart of the present invention and it is, therefore, consideredunnecessary to go into the details of this construction- Whenever it isdesired to effect a dual punching in any one or more of the verticalcolumns of figures on the card '91 the key 92 is first pressed,whereupon the pressing of any one of the other keys 85 accomplishes adual punching, a punching of the number represented by the pressed key85 and the automatic punching of the number which is one unit less thanthe number represented by the depressed key 85. The key 92 is attachedat its lower end to a bell crank lever 93 pivoted at 94.- to the casing82. The upper end of the bell crank lever 93is pivotally connected at 95with ten arms 96 normally held in the horizontal position shown in Figs.25 and 26 by means of any suitable mechanism such, for example, as thelugs .97 formed on the upper end of the bell crank lever 93. Each one ofthe'arms 96 is arranged so that when the key 92 is depressed said armwill be moved to the position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig.

notched, as shown at 98, so that when the key 92 is depressed eachone ofthe arms 96 fits into the notched portion of one of the projections 90.In making a dual punching on a card the key 92 is first depressed, ashereinbefore pointed out, and the desired key 85 pressed. If we assumethat it is desired to punch thenumeral 4 on the card the 4 key is thendepressed. By referring to Fig. 26 it'will be observed that upondepression of the lever 83 connected with the 4 key the projection 90associated with the lever 83 will be moved downwardly to depress theplunger 4. On.account of the notch provided in the last mentionedprojection 90 the arm 96 disposed in the notch will also movedownwardlyand since this arm is disposed above the plunger 88 forpunching the numeral 3 this plunger willbe actuated simultaneously withthe plunger for punching the numeral 4. After a dual punching has beenmade in one of the vertical numeral columns of the card and it isdesired to make only a single punchingin the next vertical column thekey 9-2 is released or pulled upwardly to move the arms 96 away from theseveral nlungers and back into the position shown in full lines in Fig.25. I

Although I have described and shown .11

Figs. 25 and 26 an automatic dual punching machine it will readily beapparent that the dual punching may be accomplished by the pressing ofthe two keys corresponding with the two numerals to be punched. It isalso apparent that the extra punching, or corrective punching, may beaccomplished by means of a hand punch after the card has been punchedfor natural tabulation.

In Figs. 19, 20, 22, and 23 I have disclosed diagrammatically a cardtalbulating machine which contains an X contact for complemen-taltabulation, the purpose of the X contact being to impart either tensteps to the units wheel of the register or one step to the tens wheelof the register when such contact is operated. This arrangement isbroadly new so far as I am aware and I, therefore, do not desire tolimit myself to the use of this arrangement in a card tabulator. InFigs. 29 to 31 inclusive I have shown this general arrangement appliedto an adding machine wherein subtraction is accomplished by adding thecomplement of a number to be subtracted to the number in the totalizer.InFig. 29 I have illustrated a face view of an adding machine keyboard.The several keys are shown at 9999 and the totalizer or register at 100.The several keys 99 in the columns other than the units column aremarked in the usual way (as in black) and for complemental work theco-digital (in red) of the number represented by the key is also placedupon the key, as illustrated. For example, the 0 key is marked with acomparatively large 0 and, preferably at the left side, is marked withits co-digital 9, and so on. In the units column, however, the severalkeys are marked with their complements with the exception of the 0 key.The units column is provided with an extra key, (cor responding to the Xcontact) as shown at 101, which is marked 0 and is to be used only forcomplemental work. The depression of this key adds either 10'in theunits wheel of the register or 1 in th tens wheel thereof. Insubtracting a number the keys containing the small figures representingthe number to be subtracted are depressed so that the complement of thenumber is added in the totalizer. If the number to be subtractedcontains a 0 in its units order the special" key 101 is depressed withthe result that a carry over is effected between the units wheel of theregister and the tens wheel. The marking of the units column of keys 99in a complementalmanner avoids the necessity of doing any mentalcalculation whatsoever, it being necessary only to depress the keyswhich contain the small numerals corresponding with the number to besubtracted.

In Fig.- 30 I have illustrated diagrammatically th operation of theadding ma chine shown in Fig, 29. Fig. 30 is a cross sectional viewtaken along the line 30-30 of Fig. 29 and shows the units column of.keys. The keys are all slidably mounted in a top plate 102 and arenormally held in their up positions by means of the several springsshown at 103. Disposed under each order of keys is a gear'sector 104,pivoted at 105 to the casing of the machine and meshing with a gearwheel 106 of the -to talizer. 107 represents diagrammatically theca.ry-over mechanism interposed between the several numeral wheels ofthe totalizer. The upper side of each one of the gear sectors 101 isprovided with a plurality of steps 108, each step being engaged, orarranged to be engaged, by one of the several keys of one orden. The 0key need not be arranged to do anything to the gear sector upondepression since the adding of the 0 does not affect the totalizer. The1 key, however, imparts to the gear sector 104 a one step movement in acounter-clockwise direction (Fig. 30) with the result that the totalizeris advanced one step, the 2 key advances the gear sector two steps, andso on. The special key 101 is located below the 9 key and upondepression of the former the gear sector 104 will be given a ten stepmovement with the result that a ten step movement is imparted to theunits numeral wheel.

In Fig. 31 I have illustrated a face view of the keyboard used onmachines wherein only one set of keys, 0 to 9 inclusive, is used foraddition or substraction. In this case the several keys are co-digitallymarked so that subtraction may be accomplished complementally. The key109 is the special key corresponding to the key 101 shown in Figs. 29and 30, and performs the same function as does the key 101. Since I haveillustrated the operation of the key 101, in Figs. 29 and 30, it willsufiice to say that upon depression of the key 109 the units wheel ofthe totalizer of the machine shown in Fig. 31 will be given a ten stepmovement or the tens wheel a one step movement.

So far as I am aware it is broadly new with me to effect a registercontrolling set-up which has two distinct aspects, one obverse ornatural for positive accumulation, the other reverse or complemental fornegative accumulation. In applying the method of my invention to cardtabulating work I punch the set-up upon a card which has the two aspectsbefore mentioned. While, as hereinbefore pointed out, I prefer toutilize an equal margined card for carrying out my method in cardtabulating work, and while I believe I am the first to employ such acard, it is not absolutely essential .that such a card be utilized. Itis possible-to utilize temple two aspects of a set-up punched upon theusual tabulating card provided the ordinary tabulating machine ismodified in certain slight but significant respects. I

My improved method makes it possible to so punch the cards that thenumbers represented by the punchings thereon may be determined at aglance. Thus, although a card when used reversedly, causes thetabulating machine totalizer to be advanced in accordance With thecon'iplement or co-digital of a certain number, the true value of thatnumber may be determined merely by glancing at the face of the card.

lnasmuch as I am the first to employ a tabulating machine card set-uphaving the two aspects hereinbefore mentioned it follows the dualpunching in the units order to take care of the corrective unit when thecard is utilized for negative accumulation is also new With me. Thisdual punching Would seemingly have no function nor even be tolerable inany other method than mine.

Furthermore, I believe that I am the first to suggest an arrangement foradvancing the units Wheel of a totalizer ten steps (or the tens Wheelone step) when in complemental accumulation there is a zero in the unitsorder of the number the complement of which is to be accumulated. T havepointed out the advantages of this arrangement and its adaptability toordinary adding machines as Well as to card tabulating machine Work.

It will he apparent that the novel features of my invention are capableof wlde application. Therefore, I do not limit myself to the precisedetails of the apparatus herein shovvn nor to-the administrative details of the several variations of my improved method. As has beenhereinbefore pointed out, my novel set-up has tvvo aspects, one naturalthe other co-digital or complemental. in so far as the appended claimsare concerned the term .co mplernental is to be interpreted broadlyenough to include codigital unless the contrary is specifically pointedout in the claim.

-W nat T claim as new and desire to secure by Letters fEatent of theUnited Eltates. is:

1ehereindescrihedmethod-Which e sists in punching a certain set-up onpresenting one iace of the card .3 can. reading elements or a registertuating device for direct a *cumulation a-. ing the other tape of thecard to elements for complemental ac: tion.

2 1"? consists in pun card repree ments of a register actuatingmechanism in such a manner that the register is actuated by said set-upin accordance With the complement of the number set up on said card.

3. The hereindescribed method Which consists in forming a set-up torepresent the digits of a number by punching holes in a card, employingindicia on one face of the card for locating the holes'and presentingthe other face of the card to the card reading elements of. a registeractuating mechanism for complemental accumulation.

4. The hereindescribed method Which consists in punching a card one unitshort of the set-up represented thereby and presenting the cardreversedly to-the card reading elements of the register actuating device for complementa-l accumulation.

5. The hereindescribed method which consists in punching holes in a cardat points determined by indicia arranged thereon in ranks and tiles,presenting one face of the card to the card reading elements of atabulating machine for natural accumulation and presenting the otherface of the card to the reading elements for complemental accumulation.

6. The hereindescribed method which consists in punching holes in a cardat points located by indicia on one face thereof and presenting theother face of the'card to the card reading elements of a. tabulatingmachine for complemental accumulation.

7. The hereindescribed method which consists in so locating the set-upholes on one face of a tabulating machine card that when the reverseside of the card is presented to the card reading elements of atabulating machine the tabulating machine totalizer is actuated inaccordance With the complement of the number represented by said holes.

8. The method which consists in punching a set-up upon an equal marginedtabulating machine card having indicia arranged thereon in ranlrs andfiles and presenting the reverse ti ace of the card to the card readingelements'o't' a tabulating machine "for complemental accumulation.

'' An equal margined tabulat ation.

.L 1.3. T 1' T A. ':l .i. abuiatmg machine care. to es used tor hotlipositive and negative summation equal margins top and bottom.tahul'ating machine card to he used for both. positive and no i M rangedmg machine negative tivc summation obverse face of the card is presentedto the card reading elements of the tabulating machine andcomplementally when the reverse face is presented to the card readingelements.

13. A tabulating machine card having punched thereon a set-up having twodistinct and opposing aspects, one natural, the other complemental.

14.. A tabulating machine card having indicia arranged in ranks andfiles on one face thereof, said indicia so arranged that the ranks andfiles register with the card reading elements of a tabulating machinewhen the reverse face of the card is presented to said card readingelements.

15. A tabulating machine card having indicia arranged in ranks and fileson one face thereof, said indicia so arranged that 2n the several ranksand files register with the card reading elements of a. tabulatingmachine when either face of the card is presented to said card readingelements.

16. The combination with a card having holes punched therein inpositions to inclicate the digits of a number of a register mechanismprovided with means for co-acting with the holes in said card to enterthe number indicated by the holes when the card is presented to theregister mechanism in one position and for entering the complement ofthe number when the card is presented in another position.

In witness whereof. I hereunto subscribe my name this 15th day ofFebruary, A. D. 35

CHARLES H. TALLMADGE. WVitnesses:

MARY L. TALLMADGE, FREDERIC W. CLAUS.

